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Iphepha
Ukupakisha
Umkhiqizi
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Ukupakisha kwe-Tuobo kuzibophezele ekuhlinzekeni konke ukupakishwa okulahlwayo kwezitolo zekhofi, izitolo ze-pizza, zonke izindawo zokudlela kanye nendlu yokubhaka, njll, okuhlanganisa izinkomishi zephepha lekhofi, izinkomishi zeziphuzo, amabhokisi e-hamburger, amabhokisi e-pizza, izikhwama zephepha, izitsha zephepha neminye imikhiqizo.

Yonke imikhiqizo yokupakisha isekelwe kumqondo wokuvikelwa okuluhlaza kanye nemvelo.Izinto zebanga lokudla zikhethiwe, ezingeke zithinte ukunambitheka kwezinto zokudla.Ayingenwa amanzi futhi ayinawo uwoyela, futhi kuqinisekisa kakhulu ukuyifaka.

  • I-SEHR VIELI-MEHR

Yiziphi Izinto Ezivamile ZeNdebe Yephepha?Ingabe Bafunda Ibanga Lokudla?

I. Isingeniso

A. Ingemuva

Ikhofi seliyingxenye ebalulekile yomphakathi wanamuhla.Futhi izinkomishi zephepha zidlala indima ebalulekile embonini yekhofi.Izinkomishi zephepha zinezici zokusebenziseka kalula, inhlanzeko, nokusimama.Isetshenziswa kakhulu ezitolo zekhofi, amathilomu, nakwezinye izikhungo zeziphuzo.

B. Ukubaluleka kwezinkomishi zephepha embonini yekhofi

Embonini yekhofi,izinkomishi zephephadlala indima ebalulekile.Okokuqala, ukuba lula kwezinkomishi zephepha kuvumela amakhasimende ukuthi athenge ikhofi noma nini, noma kuphi futhi ajabulele ukunambitheka okumnandi.Ngokwesibonelo, ngezikhathi zasekuseni ezimatasa, abantu abaningi bakhetha ukuthenga inkomishi yekhofi emgwaqeni.Ukusetshenziswa kwezinkomishi zephepha kwenza kube lula ukuthi baphathe futhi baphuze ikhofi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkomishi zephepha nazo zihlinzeka ngeziqukathi ezihlanzekile nezihlanzekile.Ingaqinisekisa ukuphepha kwekhwalithi nokuhlanzeka kwekhofi.Lokhu kubalulekile kubathengi abaningi.Ikakhulukazi lapho ephuza ikhofi ezindaweni zomphakathi, amakhasimende anethemba lokulijabulela ngokuthula kwengqondo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusimama kwezinkomishi zephepha nakho kuyisici sokubaluleka kwazo embonini yekhofi.Ukunaka kwabantu ezindabeni zemvelo kuyanda usuku nosuku.Ukusimama kuba ngenye yezinto ezibalulekile kubathengi ukuthi bakhethe inkomishi yekhofi.Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinkomishi zepulasitiki zendabuko noma ezinye izinkomishi ezilahlwayo, izinkomishi zephepha ngokuvamile zenziwe ngezinto ezigaywa kabusha noma ezibolayo.Lokhu kunciphisa umthelela emvelweni.Izitolo zekhofi, izitolo zeziphuzo, nezitolo zekhofi nazo zigqugquzela intuthuko esimeme.Bangasebenzisa izinkomishi zephepha ezingaboli njengeziqukathi zabo zesiphuzo abazithandayo.

Ukubaluleka kwezinkomishi zephepha embonini yekhofi angeke kushaywe indiva.Ukuba lula kwayo, ukuhlanzeka, nokusimama kwenza izinkomishi zephepha zibe yisinqumo esihle kakhulu.Lokhu kungahlangabezana nezidingo kanye nokukhathazeka kwabathengi besimanje.Ukuze siqonde kangcono ukubaluleka kwezinkomishi zephepha, sidinga ukwenza ucwaningo olunzulu ngezici zezinto ezivamile ezisetshenziswa ezinkomishini zephepha.Futhi sidinga ukwazi ukuthi bayahlangabezana yini namazinga ebanga lokudla.Lokhu kungaqinisekisa ukuthi izinkomishi zephepha esizikhethayo nesizisebenzisayo ziphephile futhi zithembekile.

II.Izinto Ezivamile Zezinkomishi Zephepha

A. Uhlolojikelele Lwezinto Eziyinhloko Zezinkomishi Zephepha

Ukwenziwa kwezinkomishi zephepha ngokuvamile kusebenzisa i-pulp kanye nezinto zokugqoka.I-Pulp yenziwe nge-cellulose nezinye izithasiselo.Lezi zithako zingathuthukisa amandla nokuzinza kwezinkomishi zephepha.Izinto zokugqoka zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukugqoka ngaphakathi kwezinkomishi zephepha.Lokhu kungathuthukisa ukumelana kwamanzi nokushisa kwendebe yephepha.Izinto zokugqoka ezivamile zihlanganisa i-polyethylene (PE) ne-polylactic acid (PLA).

B. Impahla yezinkomishi zephepha

Izinto eziyinhloko zeizinkomishi zephephahlanganisa i-pulp, izinto zokugqoka, nezinye izinto ezisizayo.Ikhadibhodi elivame ukusetshenziswa ekwenzeni inkomishi yephepha linamandla aphezulu kanye nokuqina.Iphepha elihlanganisiwe le-PE linezindawo ezingangeni manzi, ukumelana nokushisa, kanye nezakhiwo ezimelana nowoyela.Izinto ze-PLA ezibolayo zingaxazulula izinkinga zokusimama futhi zinciphise umthwalo wemvelo.Ukukhethwa kwezinto zenkomishi yephepha kufanele kusekelwe ezidingweni ezithile kanye nezidingo zokusimama ukuze kuqinisekiswe izinga nokusebenza kwemvelo kwendebe yephepha.

1. Izici zekhadibhodi kanye nokusebenza kwayo ekukhiqizeni indebe yephepha

I-Cardboard iyimpahla yephepha ewugqinsi.Ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngokubeka izingqimba eziningi ze-pulp.Inamandla aphezulu kanye nokuqina, futhi ingakwazi ukumelana nokucindezela okuthile nesisindo.Ikhadibhodi livame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni izinkomishi zephepha ukwenza izingxenye ezifana nomlomo kanye nephansi lenkomishi.Lokhu kunganikeza ukuzinza nokusekela okuhle.Ukucutshungulwa kwekhadibhodi kungenziwa ngezinqubo ezinjengokucindezela, ukuphrinta, nokusika ukufa.

2. Izici zephepha elihlanganisiwe le-PE kanye nokusebenza kwalo ekukhiqizeni inkomishi yephepha

Iphepha elihlanganisiwe le-PE liyimpahla emboza i-polyethylene (PE) ngaphakathi kwenkomishi yephepha.I-PE inokumelana okuhle namanzi nokushisa.Lokhu kuvumela inkomishi yephepha ukuthi imelane nezinga lokushisa lesiphuzo esishisayo.Futhi kungavimbela uketshezi ukuthi lungangeni enkomishini yephepha.Iphinde ibe nokumelana kahle nowoyela.Ngakho-ke, kungavimbela iziphuzo ezisekelwe kuwoyela ukuthi zingangeni enkomishini yephepha.Iphepha eliboshwe nge-PE lisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni inkomishi yephepha.Futhi ihlangabezana nezidingo zamazinga ebanga lokudla.

3. Izici zezinto ze-PLA ezibolayo kanye nokusebenza kwazo ekukhiqizeni inkomishi yephepha

I-PLA iyinto engaboli.Ikakhulukazi yenziwe nge-Corn starch noma ezinye izinsiza zezitshalo ezivuselelekayo.Inokonakala okuhle.Ingabola ngama-microorganisms ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele futhi iguqulwe ibe yi-carbon dioxide namanzi.Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ze-PLA ekukhiqizeni indebe yephepha kukhuphuka njalo.Ingakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zentuthuko esimeme futhi yehlise umthelela wayo endaweni ezungezile.Ngenxa yokonakala kwezinkomishi zephepha ze-PLA, ukusetshenziswa kwazo kunganciphisa inani lezinkomishi zepulasitiki ezisetshenziswa.Lokhu kungakhuthaza ukugaywa kabusha kwezinsiza.

Sinezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezithuthukisiwe kanye nemishini yokuqinisekisa ukuthi inkomishi ngayinye yephepha eyenziwe ngokwezifiso yakhiwe ngobuciko obuhle futhi inokubukeka okuhle nokuphanayo.Izindinganiso eziqinile zokukhiqiza nokulawula ikhwalithi kwenza imikhiqizo yethu ilwele ukwenza kahle ngemininingwane, okwenza isithombe sakho somkhiqizo sibe sezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu nesisezingeni eliphezulu.

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Bhala umyalezo wakho lapha futhi usithumelele wona

III.Isitifiketi sempahla yebanga lokudla sezinkomishi zephepha

A. Incazelo kanye namazinga ezinto zebanga lokudla

Izinto zebanga lokudla zibhekisela ezintweni ezingaqinisekisa ukuthi azikhiqizi izinto eziyingozi lapho zithinta ukudla neziphuzo.Izinto zebanga lokudla zidinga ukuthobela izindinganiso nemithethonqubo ethile.Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi awukho umthelela omubi ekuphepheni nempilo yabantu.

Amazinga wezinto zebanga lokudla ngokuvamile ahlanganisa izici ezilandelayo:

1. Izinto ezingancibiliki.Ingaphezulu lezinto akumele liqukathe izinto ezincibilikayo noma ezincibilikayo futhi akumele zithuthele ekudleni.

2. I-acidity kanye ne-alkalinity.Izinto ezisetshenziswayo kufanele zigcinwe ngaphakathi kohlu oluthile lwe-acidity kanye ne-alkalinity ukuze kugwenywe ukuthikameza i-acidity kanye ne-alkalinity yokudla.

3. Izinsimbi ezinzima.Okuqukethwe kwensimbi esindayo kokubalulekile kufanele kube ngaphansi kwebanga elivumelekile le-International Health Organization (WHO) kanye namazinga kazwelonke okuphepha kokudla.

4. Ipulasitiki.Uma kusetshenziswa ama-plasticizers, umthamo wawo kufanele uhambisane nezidingo ezifanele zokulawula futhi akufanele ube nemiphumela elimazayo ekudleni.

B. Izidingo zezinto ezihlukene esitifiketini sebanga lokudla

Izinto ezahlukene zeizinkomishi zephephazidinga uchungechunge lwezivivinyo nokuhlaziya ekutholeni isitifiketi sebanga lokudla.Lokhu kungaqinisekisa ukuphepha kanye nempilo yayo ekuxhumaneni nokudla.Inqubo yesitifiketi sebanga lokudla ingaqinisekisa ukuthi izinto ezisetshenziswa ezinkomishini zephepha ziphephile futhi azinangozi, futhi zihlangabezana nezindinganiso nezimfuneko zokuxhumana nokudla.

1. Inqubo yesitifiketi sezinga lokudla sekhadibhodi

Njengenye yezinto eziyinhloko zezinkomishi zephepha, amakhadibhodi adinga isitifiketi sebanga lokudla ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwawo.Inqubo yesitifiketi sebanga lokudla sekhadibhodi ngokuvamile ihlanganisa lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:

a.Ukuhlolwa kwe-Raw material: Ukuhlaziywa kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali ezinto ezingavuthiwe zekhadibhodi.Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi azikho izinto eziyingozi ezikhona.Njengezinsimbi ezisindayo, izinto ezinobuthi, njll.

b.Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza komzimba: Yenza ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwemishini ekhadini.Njengamandla aqinile, ukumelana namanzi, njll. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuzinza nokuphepha kwekhadibhodi ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa.

c.Ukuhlolwa kokufuduka: Beka amakhadibhodi axhumene nokudla okufanisiwe.Qaphela ukuthi noma yiziphi izinto ezifudukela ekudleni phakathi nenkathi ethile yesikhathi ukuze uhlole ukuphepha kwezinto.

d.Ukuhlolwa kobufakazi bokuthi uwoyela: Yenza ukuhlolwa kokunamathela ekhadini.Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi indebe yephepha inokumelana okuhle nowoyela.

e.Ukuhlola amagciwane: Yenza ukuhlolwa kwe-microbial ekhadini.Lokhu kungaqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukungcoliswa kwamagciwane okufana namagciwane kanye nesikhunta.

2. Inqubo yesitifiketi sebanga lokudla sephepha elihlanganiswe nge-PE

Iphepha elihlanganiswe nge-PE, njengento evamile yokumboza izinkomishi zephepha, lidinga nesitifiketi sebanga lokudla.Inqubo yayo yesitifiketi ihlanganisa lezi zinyathelo ezibalulekile ezilandelayo:

a.Ukuhlolwa kokubunjwa kwempahla: Yenza ukuhlaziya ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali ezintweni zokuhlanganisa ze-PE.Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ayinazo izinto eziyingozi.

b.Ukuhlolwa kokufuduka: Beka iphepha elimbozwe nge-PE lixhumene nokudla okulingiswayo isikhathi esithile.Lokhu okokuhlola ukuthi ingabe zikhona yini izinto ezithuthele ekudleni.

c.Ukuhlolwa kokuzinza kwe-Thermal: Lingisa ukuzinza nokuphepha kwezinto zokugqoka ze-PE ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphezulu.

d.Ukuhlolwa kokuxhumana nokudla: Xhumana nephepha elimbozwe nge-PE elinezinhlobo ezahlukene zokudla.Lokhu okokuhlola ukufaneleka nokuphepha kwayo ekudleni okuhlukene.

3. Inqubo yesitifiketi sebanga lokudla sezinto ezibolayo ezibolayo ze-PLA

I-PLA biodegradable materials ingenye yezinto ezimele imvelo ezinobungani.Kudinga nesitifiketi sebanga lokudla.Inqubo yesitifiketi ihlanganisa lezi zinyathelo ezibalulekile ezilandelayo:

a.Ukuhlolwa kokubunjwa kwento: Yenza ukuhlaziya kokubhaliwe ezintweni ze-PLA.Lokhu kungaqinisekisa ukuthi izinto zokusetshenziswa ezisetshenziswayo zihlangabezana nezidingo zebanga lokudla futhi aziqukethe izinto eziyingozi.

b.Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kokuwohloka: Lingisa indawo yemvelo, hlola izinga lokuwohloka kwe-PLA ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene kanye nokuphepha kwemikhiqizo ewohlokayo.

c.Ukuhlolwa kokufuduka: Beka izinto ze-PLA zithintane nokudla okulingiswayo isikhathi esithile.Lokhu kungaqapha ukuthi zikhona yini izinto ezithuthele ekudleni.

d.Ukuhlolwa kwe-Microbial: Yenza ukuhlolwa kwe-microbial ezintweni ze-PLA.Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ayinakho ukungcola kwe-microbial njengama-bacteria kanye nesikhunta.

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IV.Inqubo yokucubungula izinkomishi zephepha zebanga lokudla

1. Ukulungiswa kwezinto kanye nokusika

Okokuqala, lungisa izinto zebanga lokudla ezifana namakhadibhodi kanye nephepha eliboshwe nge-PE lokwenza izinkomishi zephepha.Ikhadibhodi idinga ukusikwa ngosayizi ofanele.Ngokuvamile, umqulu omkhulu wekhadibhodi usikwa ube yizimo ezifanele namasayizi ngokusebenzisa imishini yokusika.

2. Ukwakhiwa nokugoba kwezinto

Ikhadibhodi elisikiwe noma iphepha elihlanganisiwe lizokwakhiwa ngokusebenzisa imishini yokubumba i-lamination.Lokhu kungagoba ikhadibhodi noma iphepha elimboziwe libe sesimweni somzimba wenkomishi.Lesi sinyathelo siyisinyathelo Esizibophezele Sokubumba inkomishi yephepha.

3. Ukwelashwa phansi kanye nomlomo wenkomishi

Ngemva kokwakhiwa kwendebe, iphansi lenkomishi lizogoqwa yimishini yokucubungula phansi yenkomishi.Lokhu kungayenza iqine kakhudlwana.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umlomo wenkomishi uzophinde usongwe ngemishini yokucubungula umlomo wenkomishi.Lokhu kuzokwandisa ukushelela nokunethezeka komlomo wenkomishi.

4. Ukumboza nokufaka isicelo

Ukuze uthole izinkomishi zephepha ezidinga ukuphikiswa kwamafutha, ukugcoba kanye nokwelashwa kokugqoka kuzokwenziwa.Ngokuvamile, i-PE yephepha elihlanganiswe nebanga lokudla lisetshenziselwa ukumboza.Lokhu kunganikeza inkomishi yephepha izinga elithile lokumelana nowoyela ukuvimbela ukungena kokudla.

5. Ukuhlola kanye Ukupakisha

Ekugcineni, inkomishi yephepha ekhiqiziwe izohlolwa ikhwalithi ngemishini yokuhlola.Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awekho amaphutha asobala enkomishini yephepha.Izinkomishi zephepha ezifanelekayo zizopakishwa futhi zipakishwe, zilungele ukulethwa nokudayiswa.

Lezi zinyathelo ziyinqubo eyisisekelo yokwenzaizinkomishi zephepha zebanga lokudla.Isinyathelo ngasinye sidinga ukulawula okuqinile kwekhwalithi.Futhi badinga ukuthobela amazinga kanye nezidingo ezifanele zokuphepha kokudla.Kubalulekile ukukhetha ukwenza izinkomishi zephepha zebanga lokudla eziphephile nezithembekile.Lokhu kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni izinga kanye nenhlanzeko yokudla neziphuzo.

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Ngokungeziwe ezintweni zekhwalithi ephezulu nemiklamo eyingqayizivele, sinikeza izinketho zokwenza ngokwezifiso ezivumelana nezimo kakhulu.Ungakhetha usayizi, umthamo, umbala, kanye nomklamo wokuphrinta wenkomishi yephepha ukuze uhlangabezane nezidingo eziqondene nawe zomkhiqizo wakho.Inqubo yethu ethuthukisiwe yokukhiqiza kanye nemishini iqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokubukeka kwendebe ngayinye yephepha eyenziwe ngokwezifiso, ngaleyo ndlela yethula kahle isithombe somkhiqizo wakho kubathengi.

Khuluma ngezidingo zakho zangokwezifiso!
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V. Isiphetho

Izinto ezijwayelekile zezinkomishi zephepha zebanga lokudla zifaka amakhadibhodi kanye nephepha eliboshwe nge-PE.Ikhadibhodi isetshenziselwa inkomishi yezinkomishi zephepha, kanti iphepha eliboshwe nge-PE lisetshenziselwa ukukhulisa ukumelana nowoyela ezinkomishi zephepha.Lezi zinto ezisetshenziswayo zidinga ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zesitifiketi sebanga lokudla.Lokhu kungaqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuhlanzeka kwendebe yephepha.

Ukuqinisekiswa kwebanga lokudla kungenye yezinkomba ezibalulekile laphoukwenza nokuthengisa izinkomishi zephepha.Ngokuthola isitifiketi sebanga lokudla, kungafakazelwa ukuthi impahla yenkomishi yephepha kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza ihlangabezana nenhlanzeko yokudla kanye namazinga okuphepha.Futhi lokhu kusiza ukuqonda ukuthi izinkomishi zephepha zinokulawula okuhle kwekhwalithi nokuphathwa kokukhiqiza.Ukuqinisekiswa kwebanga lokudla akukwazi nje ukukhulisa ukwethemba kwabathengi ezinkomishini zephepha.Futhi kuyasiza ukuthobela imithetho nemithethonqubo, ukuvikela impilo nokuphepha kwabathengi.Ngakho-ke, isitifiketi sebanga lokudla sibalulekile emabhizinisini okukhiqiza inkomishi yephepha.

Ncoma Ukufunda

Isiphi Isenzakalo Esifaneleka Kakhulu Kwendebe Yephepha Yephepha (I-Single Wall, Double Wall And Ripple Wall)?

Ingabe Inkomishi Yephepha Ingasetshenziselwa Ubisi Lwetiye Elishisayo noma Elibandayo?Ziyini Izinzuzo Zalo?

Kungani INdebe Yekhofi Eyenziwe Ngezifiso Nelogo Ephrintiwe Idumile Phakathi Kwamabhizinisi?

Ulungele Ukuqala Iphrojekthi Yakho Yezinkomishi Zephepha?

Khuluma ngezidingo zakho!
Bhala umyalezo wakho lapha futhi usithumelele wona
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-13-2023
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